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\n\u673a\u4f1a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u79d1\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u573a\u5408\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
\n\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u3002
\n\u5229\u57fa\u7406\u89e3<\/strong>\uff08Niche understandings\uff09\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u592a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u9762\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u523b\u624d\u6709\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u914d\u65b9\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08Recipe knowledge\uff09\u201d
\n\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u914d\u65b9\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u50cf\u662f\u628a\u94b1\u5b58\u5728\u94f6\u884c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u751f\u51fa\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u653e\u5230\u5730\u7a96\u91cc\u5b58\u5230\u53d1\u9709\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u73b0\u5b66\u73b0\u7528\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u4f60\u4ee5\u73b0\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u5143\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u671f\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6295\u5165\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u624d\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
\n\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u4f60\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u8ffd\u6c42\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5229\u57fa\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u624d\u4f1a\u5728\u5b9a\u5411\u3001\u614e\u601d\u3001\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u6240\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5168\u5c40\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u8f7b\u800c\u6613\u4e3e\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u56de\u62a5\u3002
\n\u300a\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a
\n\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8d28\u7591\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u5207<\/strong>\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u63a5\u8fd1\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5f7c\u6b64\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6b66\u672f\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6000\u7591\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u4ece\u4e2d\u9014\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6000\u7591\u7684\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u8d27\u51e0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e07\u4e8b\u4e07\u7269\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u652f\u67b6\u652f\u6491\u7740\u5176\u4ed6\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u8d28\u7591\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u66f4\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u66f4\u5207\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\u3002
\n\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5f00\u59cb\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5373\u4f5c\u51fa\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u9009\u62e9\u3002
\n\u5185\u5bb9\u8d85\u8f7d\uff1f\u5411\u8bed\u6587\u8001\u5e08\u5b66\u4e60\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u62bd\u6837\u6559\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5e38\u88ab\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u7b54\u6848\u88ab\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u800c\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c40\u9762\uff1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4ef7\u503c\u3002Isidor Rabi\u7684\u5988\u5988\u5f53\u5e74\u95ee\u201c\u4f60\u4eca\u5929\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4f60\u4eca\u5929\u5b66\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e86\uff1f\u201d
\n\u201c\u5c0f\u718a\u7ffb\u8fc7\u5c71\u5cad\uff0c\u5c0f\u718a\u7ffb\u8fc7\u5c71\u5cad\uff0c\u5c0f\u718a\u7ffb\u8fc7\u5c71\u5cad\uff0c\u4ed6\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u201d\u201c\u53e6\u4e00\u7247\u5c71\u5cad\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7247\u5c71\u5cad\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7247\u5c71\u5cad\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u3002\u201d
\n\u5e76\u975e\u4e07\u4e8b\u4e07\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u5947\u5999\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u597d\u5947\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u5149\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u7167\u8000\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u5e26\u6709\u5145\u6ee1\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u7684\u597d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4e0d\u662f\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981\u8ba4\u4e3a\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u4e0e\u56f0\u60d1\u611f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u6709\u5931\u53bb\u8fd9\u79cd\u654f\u611f\u6027\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002
\n\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u63a2\u7a76\u5f0f\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6548\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002
\n\u5411\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e14\u8bf1\u53d1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u76f8\u5173\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6279\u5224\u6027\u3001\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5730\u601d\u8003\u8be5\u4e3b\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u79ef\u7d2f\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u8feb\u5207\u8ffd\u5bfb\u8bc1\u636e\u3001\u6311\u6218\u80a4\u6d45\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8bf4\u670d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5974\u96b6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u521d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff1b\u4e4b\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u5f15\u5bfc\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5974\u96b6\u83b7\u5f97\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002
\n\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u5f0f\u7684\u63d0\u95ee\u8005\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u56fa\u5b88\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u597d\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u53d6\u5f97\u7ecf\u8fc7\u63a8\u6572\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4ece\u4e0d\u5c06\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u3002\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u63d0\u95ee-\u56de\u7b54\u201d\u8eab\u4efd\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u4e3b\u9898\u6709\u5173\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5229\u7528\u63d0\u95ee\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u6709\u751f\u547d\u529b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff08Living question\uff09\u6307\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7126\u70b9\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a2\u7a76\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002
\n\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u8d1f\u8d23\u63d0\u95ee\u3002\uff08\u7ed9\u5b66\u751f\u4f53\u4f1a\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5c31\u5982\u7ed9\u5b66\u751f\u6559\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b66\u4e60\u6548\u7387\u52a0\u500d\u3002<\/em>\uff09
\n\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6fc0\u52b1\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u7a76\u67d0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u8868\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u80fd\u6295\u63d0\u4f9b\u771f\u77e5\u707c\u89c1\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bfe\u4e0a\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6559\u6750\u6216\u6559\u5e08\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u7531\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7b49\u8fd0\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u534a\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u4ee5\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201d
\n\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u7531\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a2\u7a76\u5e76\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u3002
\n\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u5f0f\u63d0\u95ee\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u63d0\u95ee\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u662f\u52a8\u6447\u67d0\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e8b\u3002
\n\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u8fdb\u4e4b\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u969c\u788d\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6beb\u65e0\u5934\u7eea\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u4e8e\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u3002
\n\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u76f8\u4f34\u800c\u751f\u3002
\n\u6559\u5e08\u5e94\u91cd\u89c6\u5177\u6709\u751f\u547d\u529b\u7684\u95ee\u9898—\u5373\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u771f\u6b63\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3001\u503c\u5f97\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u53ea\u6709\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u77e5\u8bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5bfc\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u624d\u662f\u6709\u751f\u6d3b\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002
\n\u5b66\u4e60\u5373\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u5373\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u5373\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u601d\u8003\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u5373\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8054\u60f3\u201d\u800c\u662f\u201c\u672a\u66fe\u8054\u60f3\u201d<\/strong>
\n\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u201c\u7528\u94c1\u9524\u6572\u6253\u7684\u538b\u6839\u4e0d\u662f\u94c1\u9489\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u4ee5\u540e\u4e86\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u6572\u6253\u7684\u94c1\u9489\u201d\u3002
\n\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u5b66\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u57f9\u517b\u5b66\u751f\u94bb\u7814\u5b66\u4e60\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8054\u7cfb\u5b66\u4e60\u5185\u5bb9\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u548c\u503e\u5411\u6027\u3002
\n\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fd0\u7528\u6700\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u6559\u5b66\u8bfe\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u9014\u5c31\u8981\u60f3\u5230\u6700\u540e\u8fd0\u7528\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5230\u6700\u540e\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u89c6\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u592a\u8fdf\u4e86\u3002
\n\u201c\u7406\u89e3\u5373\u601d\u8003\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u5373\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u5373\u6ce8\u610f\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u5373\u5174\u8da3\u201d<\/p>\n
\n\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u5b66\u4e60\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u79d1\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u90fd\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u5229\u57fa\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5229\u57fa\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u3002
\n\u82f1\u56fd\u6842\u51a0\u8bd7\u4eba\u4e01\u5c3c\u751f
\n\u8fd9\u6837\u6beb\u65e0\u76ca\u5904\uff1a\u5f53\u4e2a\u95f2\u6563\u56fd\u738b
\n\u8eab\u5c45\u5c71\u5ca9\u4e2d\uff0c\u5750\u5728\u9759\u9759\u7684\u7089\u65c1
\n\u7531\u8001\u59bb\u966a\u4f34\uff0c\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u91ce\u86ee\u6c11\u65cf
\n\u53d1\u5e03\u5404\u79cd\u5956\u60e9\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u77e5
\n\u8d2e\u85cf\uff0c\u5403\u7761\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u77e5\u6211\u662f\u8c01\u3002
\n\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Jerome Bruner:\u901a\u8fc7\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5728\u667a\u6167\u4e0a\u5341\u5206\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4efb\u4f55\u5b66\u79d1\u6559\u7ed9\u5904\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u540d\u513f\u7ae5\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u5982\u679c\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u5168\u662f\u5927\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u201c\u5154\u5b50\u6d1e\u201d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6df1\u523b\u94bb\u7814\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u5c31\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u719f\u6089\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u90a3\u7247\u5e7f\u88a4\u5929\u5730\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u5154\u5b50\u6d1e\u8fc7\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u592a\u5c11\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ee4\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u5177\u6709\u751f\u6d3b\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u7ee7\u7eed\u5bfb\u627e\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u7684\u5154\u5b50\u6d1e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4f46\u80fd\u4f7f\u5b66\u79d1\u77e5\u8bc6\u66f4\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u4e3a\u751f\u6d3b\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u81ea\u5982\u5730\u6f2b\u6b65\u5728\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a2\u7a76\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u3002
\n07\u7ed5\u5f00\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5154\u5b50\u6d1e\u201d
\nThe End of Education \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684end\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7ed3\u675f\u3002
\n\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5b9e\u5374\u662f\u5bf9\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7a00\u91ca\u4e0e\u6de1\u5316\u3002
\n\u6211\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e1a\u4f59\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u6bd4\u9ad8\u6df1\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/strong>\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u52c7\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b66\u751f\u624e\u5b9e\u800c\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u505a\u5230\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50ac\u4fc3\u5b66\u751f\u5b66\u4e60\u67d0\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u4e32\u8054\u548c\u5e76\u8054\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5c0f\u590f\u7ae5\u978b\u8bf4\u4e32\u8054\u662f\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u6b21\u5fc5\u8003\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u6700\u540e\u5165\u53d6\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u8054\u662f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u597d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u89e3\u91ca\u8001\u5e08\u5f88\u8f9b\u82e6\u5b66\u751f\u70ed\u60c5\u5374\u4e0d\u9ad8…<\/em>\uff09
\n\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u52a0\u5fb7\u7eb3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u8be5\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u5173\u6ce8\u771f\u5584\u7f8e\uff1a\u771f\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ee5\u53ca\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u76f8\u5173\uff1b\u5584\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u63d0\u53d6\u5584\u6076\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4e3b\u9898\uff1b\u7f8e\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5ba1\u7f8e\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u827a\u672f\u521b\u9020\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u89c6\u89c9\u827a\u672f\u3001\u821e\u8e48\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u7f8e\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002
\n\u4ee5\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e3b\u9898\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u62b5\u5fa1\u7eaf\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9677\u9631\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e3b\u9898\u5b66\u4e60\u5f80\u5f80\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u8ff7\u5931\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u8b66\u9192\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u4e60\u53cd\u800c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u8ff7\u5931\u3002<\/strong>
\n\uff08\u65e2\u7136\u6570\u5b66\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u53ca\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\u9700\u8981\u628a\u6570\u5b66\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u79d1\u4ee5\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u6559\u3002\u5728\u7269\u7406\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5177\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u8865\u5145\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u7684\uff0d\u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\u5177\u6709\u9610\u660e\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd2061\u8ba1\u5212\u300b \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u201c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f00\u5c55\u6570\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5fae\u5206\u548c\u79ef\u5206\u8db3\u591f\u719f\u7ec3\u548c\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4ee5\u66f4\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5fae\u5206\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u2026\u2026\u5b66\u751f\u8d8a\u65e9\u61c2\u5f97\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u7a0b\u6709\u529b\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u7406\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u65e9\u5730\u9664\u53bb\u4e00\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7b3c\u7f69\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u5b66\u4e60\u79d1\u5b66\u66f4\u8f7b\u677e\u3002\u201d\u54c8\u96f7\u5f57\u661f\u8981\u7b492061\u518d\u4e34\uff0c\u53ef\u54b1\u90a32049\u4e5f\u8be5\u52a8\u8eab\u4e86…<\/em>\uff09<\/p>\n
\n\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u624d\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff1f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u540c\u60c5\u3001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u5e94\u8be5\u6392\u5728\u524d\u9762\u3002
\n\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u00b7\u52a0\u5fb7\u7eb3\u300a\u51b3\u80dc\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e94\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u300b\u4fee\u70bc\u5fc3\u667a\u3001\u7edf\u5408\u5fc3\u667a\u3001\u521b\u9020\u5fc3\u667a\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u5fc3\u667a\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u5fc3\u667a\u3002
\n\u4ec0\u4e48\u539f\u56e0\u4f7f\u7efc\u5408\u80fd\u529b\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u72ed\u5c0f\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u5934\u5927\u8c61\u201d
\n\u6559\u6388\u201c\u5b66\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u80fd\u529b\u6bd4\u6559\u6388\u76f8\u5173\u7406\u5ff5\u8017\u65f6\u66f4\u4e45\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u5411\u5b66\u751f\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u638c\u63e1\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u201d\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u201c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u201d\u3002\u57f9\u517b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u80fd\u529b\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u6295\u6ce8\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5fc3\u529b\u3002
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