![\"Manabu](\"http:\/\/www.qiusir.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/net\/zuotengxue.jpg\")
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1\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b66\u6982\u8981—\u4ece\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u8fc8\u5411\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5b66\u95ee John Dewey\u547c\u5401\u5c06\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5b66\u751f\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5f0f\u65cb\u8f6c<\/strong>\u201d\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5c06\u5b66\u6821\u91cd\u5efa\u4e3a\u4ee5\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n 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\n\u5e03\u9c81\u7eb3Bruner1915-2016\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6559\u80b2\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5bf9\u4e0e\u6240\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u66f4\u4fa7\u91cd\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u6001\u5ea6\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u6559\u80b2\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u201c\u5f62\u5f0f\u9676\u51b6\u201d\u5b66\u8bf4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u5e76\u51fb\u7834\u4e86\u4e00\u76f4\u652f\u6491\u5f62\u5f0f\u9676\u51b6\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8f6c\u79fb\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002
\nBruner\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u201c\u8f6c\u79fb\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u53ca\u6001\u5ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6240\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/strong>
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\n\u300a\u8bbe\u7acb\u8da3\u65e8\u4e66\u300b\uff081912<\/strong>\u5e74\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u57f9\u517b\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e2d\u575a\u529b\u91cf\u5177\u6709\u4e3a\u5145\u5b9e\u56fd\u529b\u505a\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u89c9\u609f\u548c\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u201d
\n\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u80b2\u5c06\u81ea\u5b66\u81ea\u4e60\u8ba4\u540c\u4e3a\u7406\u60f3\u5b66\u4e60\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u503e\u5411\u6027\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c06\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u770b\u4f5c\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u503e\u5411\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n
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\n@qiusir:\u8bb23-5\u63d0\u5230\u7684JJ.\u6c64\u59c6\u5b59\u3001\u5362\u745f\u798f\u548cN.\u6ce2\u5c14\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\uff0c\u800c2008\u5e74\u662f\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u53bb\u90a3\u8fdb\u4fee\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u8bf4\u5bb6\u957f\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u6362\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u9ad8\u4e09\u540e\u4ee5\u540e\u8fd8\u6709\u673a\u4f1a…\u540e\u6765\u5462\uff0c\u516d\u5e74\u5236\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u73ed\uff08\u5b66\u751f\u5e72\u90e8\u7279\u62db\u8fdb\u5165\u80b2\u624d\u7684\u90a3\u5c4a\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5347\u5165\u6e05\u5317\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u51fa\u56fd\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e5f\u505c\u6389\u4e86…
\n4\u6559\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u6362
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\n\u4ee5\u7f8e\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u53e4\u8463\u5546\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u9274\u5b9a\u662f\u201c\u9274\u8d4f\u201d\uff0c\u7f8e\u672f\u53f2\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e0e\u7f8e\u672f\u5bb6\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u662f\u201c\u8bc4\u8bba\u201d\u3002\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e0d\u505c\u7559\u4e8e\u76f4\u89c9\u6027\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e0e\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7528\u5206\u6790\u6027\u8bdd\u8bed\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e0e\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u63ed\u793a\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u827e\u65af\u7eb3\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u6027\u9274\u8d4f\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u79c1\u4eba\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u800c\u6559\u80b2\u6027\u8bc4\u8bba\u5219\u662f\u62c5\u8d1f\u516c\u5171\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002
\n\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e0e\u6559\u4e0e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u65bd\u74e6\u5e03\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u7ed3\u6784\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u63a2\u7a76\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u6559\u77e5\u8bc6\u542b\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5b9e\u8bcd\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6559\u6388\u201c\u670d\u4ece\u6027\u4fee\u8f9e\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u5974\u5316\u6559\u80b2<\/strong>\u3002\u800c\u63a2\u7a76\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u83b7\u5f97\u9690\u542b\u6559\u80b2\u5185\u5bb9\u7ed3\u6784\u4fee\u8f9e\u5b66\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fc7\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002
\n\u6559\u5e08\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u53d7\u5230\u9f13\u52b1\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u6559\u5b66\u4e0e\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002
\n5\u6559\u4e0e\u5b66\uff1a\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u5efa<\/strong>
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\n\u5b66\u6821\u81ea\u8eab\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u80da\u82bd\u7684\u5c0f\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3002
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\n\u6770\u514b\u900a\u300a\u4e0d\u53ef\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4ece\u6559\u5e08\u8eab\u4e0a\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4ef7\u503c\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u6559\u5e08\u76f4\u63a5\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u591a\u662f\u5728\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u611f\u609f\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/strong>
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\n\u6885\u6c49\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u770b\u4f5c\u5728\u80cc\u540e\u63a7\u5236\u6559\u5e08\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u201c\u8bed\u6cd5\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/strong>
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\n\u6559\u5b66\u5982\u540c\u7235\u58eb\u4e50\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u9ed8\u5951\u5730\u5171\u4eab\u548c\u5f26\u5c55\u5f00\u5373\u5174\u6f14\u594f\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u95f4\u9ed8\u5951\u5171\u4eab\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u8282\u594f\u53ca\u77e5\u8bc6\u6784\u6210\u662f\u6559\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002
\n\u6885\u6c49\u8fd8\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u5373\u5174\u65b9\u7565\u662f\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u95f4\u7684\u843d\u5dee\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u9884\u8bbe\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u4e0e\u60c5\u51b5\u95f4\u7684\u843d\u5dee\u6b63\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u6559\u5e08\u53c2\u4e0e\u6559\u5b66\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u5951\u673a\u3002<\/strong>
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\n\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u53ca\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u516c\u5171\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u7cbe\u5bc6\u4ee3\u7801\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u719f\u6089\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5b50\u5973\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u3002
\n\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u79cd\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6210\u529f\u662f\u4ee5\u653e\u5f03\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8ba4\u540c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u3002
\n7\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bfe\u9898<\/strong>
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\n\u77e5\u8bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u626c\uff1a\u5b66\u6821\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u8fd9\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3001\u9636\u5c42\u5316\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/strong>
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\n\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u51ed\u501f\u6743\u529b\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e0a\u53f8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b66\u751f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u6743\u529b\u63a7\u5236\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e0a\u53f8\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u8f9e\u804c\u4e0d\u5e72\uff0c\u4f46\u5b66\u751f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f9e\u9000\u5b66\u6821\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\u201c\u5b66\u6821\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u4ee5\u5f80\u5728\u76f8\u4e92\u6276\u52a9\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u8fc7\u7740\u666e\u901a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u9677\u5165\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u201d\uff0c\u8fb9\u5b66\u8fb9\u6210\u957f\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u667a\u6167\u88ab\u5b66\u6821\u5236\u5ea6\u6240\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4e92\u52a9\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u7531\u4e8e\u798f\u5229\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u800c\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u653f\u6cbb\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u8870\u9000\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/strong>
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\n\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u81ea\u5f8b\u6027\u5219\u662f\u5728\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u50da\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0b\u800c\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u3002
\n\u6559\u5e08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u516c\u4ec6Pubulic servant\u3002\u201c\u6559\u5458\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\u6b63\u6697\u542b\u4e86\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u4ec6\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u201d\u7684\u5185\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
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\n\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u201c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\uff0c\u4ec5\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u4e92\u95f4\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea4\u6d41\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u969c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e0e\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/strong>
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\n\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u53d9\u4e8b\u6027\u201d\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u4f9d\u8bfa\u91cc\u5947\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u827e\u5c14\u65af\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u6b20\u7f3a\u5371\u673a\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6559\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5904\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u5efa\u5177\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6559\u4e0e\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u8d4c\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c0a\u4e25\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u4e0e\u5b66\u7b49\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6559\u5e08\u6216\u5b66\u751f\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5371\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u640f\u6597\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bfe\u9898\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u91c7\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u6559\u5e08\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u201c\u58f0\u97f3\u201d\u548c\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u201c\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bed\u5f55\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u53d9\u4e8b\u6027\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u201d\uff08Ayers,1900\uff09
\n\uff08\u6211\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0d\u5c11\u6709\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0d\u5c11\u4ec5\u5f53\u85aa\u804c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u95f4\u6447\u6446\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u6210\u4e3a\u6709\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5f53\u4e5f\u5e38\u8bd5\u56fe\u770b\u6de1\u8fd9\u4e9b…\uff09
\n9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2
\n\u6559\u5e08\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u4e3a\u8054\u7ed3\u6559\u5ba4\u5185\u5916\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u8f7d\u4f53\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u95f4\u7ebd\u5e26\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u8005\u3002
\n\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\uff08\u7275\u5236\uff09\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6765\u5efa\u6784\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7ec7\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u6784\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6027\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u6027\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u624e\u5b9e\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u624d\u662f\u4e0d\u88ab\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u795e\u8bdd\u6240\u652f\u914d\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/strong>
\n10\u8bfe\u9898\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b
\n\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6e10\u6e10\u6269\u5927\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u5b58\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u968f\u7740\u513f\u7ae5\u4e0e\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u754c\u9650\u548c\u4e24\u8005\u95f4\u7684\u4e8c\u9879\u5bf9\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u9010\u6e10\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u201c\u6559\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u4e8c\u9879\u5bf9\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u751f\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u6559\u5e08\u9762\u4e34\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3002<\/strong>
\n\u8bd1\u540e\u8bb0<\/p>\n
\n\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5370\u5237\u672f\u4e3a\u539f\u578b\u7684\u6559\u5237\u672f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u662f\u539f\u7248\u7684\u8bfb\u7269\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u662f\u58a8\u6c34\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u5370\u5237\u7684\u767d\u7eb8\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u4ece\u81ea\u8eab\u5185\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u653e\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u3002
\n\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u201c\u8f6c\u79fb\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u53ca\u6001\u5ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6240\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002
\n\u5411\u4f20\u9012\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u50cf\u79ef\u6512\u8d27\u5e01\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u201c\u94f6\u884c\u50a8\u84c4\u578b\u6559\u80b2\u201d\u3002\uff08\u5fc5\u5c06\u9762\u5bf9\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u901a\u80c0\u95ee\u9898\uff09
\n\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u6c89\u9ed8\u201d\u627f\u62c5\u7740\u53ca\u5176\u591a\u6837\u7684\u590d\u6742\u542b\u4e49\u3002
\n\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u56fd\u738b\u6743\u529b\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8bfe\u7a0b\u88ab\u63f6\u63c4\u4e3a\u6559\u6388\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u6309\u7167\u6240\u5b9a\u8def\u7ebf\u5954\u8dd1\u7684\u8d5b\u9a6c\u8dd1\u9053\uff0c\u662f\u5305\u542b\u5632\u5f04\u548c\u81ea\u5632\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u3002
\n\u201c\u5b66\u95ee\u201d\u4ece\u8bcd\u6e90\u4e0a\u6765\u8bb2\u610f\u5473\u7740\u201c\u5f1f\u5b50disciple\u201d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u201c\u5f1f\u5b50\u201d\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u63a2\u7a76\u201d\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u201c\u5b66\u95ee\uff08\u5b66\u79d1\uff09\u201d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5efa\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n