{"id":31503,"date":"2024-04-16T14:41:56","date_gmt":"2024-04-16T06:41:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.qiusir.com\/?p=31503"},"modified":"2026-03-06T09:56:17","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T01:56:17","slug":"%e6%b5%9c%e5%b3%b6%e6%b8%85%e5%88%a9%e7%83%ad%c2%b7%e7%94%b5%e7%a3%81%c2%b7%e5%8e%9f%e5%ad%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qiusir.com\/?p=31503","title":{"rendered":"\u6d5c\u5cf6\u6e05\u5229:\u70ed\u00b7\u7535\u78c1\u00b7\u539f\u5b50"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/center>
\n\u70ed
\nT[K]=273+t[\u2103]
\n\uff08\u901a\u8fc7PV=nRT\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u6c14\u4f53\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff09
\n\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u5fae\u89c2\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u53f0\u6e7e\u6709\u7684\u6559\u6750\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09
\n\u5b9a\u538b\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u5b9a\u79ef\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u65ad\u70ed\u53d8\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n

$T(K)=273.15+t(^\\circ C)$
\n$F_1 \\frac{2L}{v_{1x}}=2mv_{1x}$\uff0c$F_1=\\frac{mv_{1x}^2}{L}$\uff0c$P=\\frac{F}{A}=\\frac{Nm\\bar{v_{x}^2}}{V}$\uff0c$P=\\frac{1}{3}\\rho \\bar{v^2}$\uff08\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u98ce\u529b\u7684\u5173\u8054\u56e0\u7d20\uff09
\n$\\bar{E_k}=\\frac{3PV}{2N}=\\frac{3nRT}{2N}=\\frac{3RT}{2N_0}=\\frac{3}{2}kT$\uff08\u53f0\u6e7e\u6559\u6750\u7ff0\u6797\u7248[?<\/a>]\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u8bbe\u8fb9\u957f\u4e3aL\u7684\u7acb\u65b9\u4f53\u5185\uff0cx\u65b9\u5411\u5355\u4e2a\u6c14\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u52a8\u91cf\u53d8\u5316$2mv_x$\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4t\u5185\u78b0\u649e\u6b21\u6570$\\frac{v_xt}{2L}$\uff0c$2mv_x\\times\\frac{v_xt}{2L}$\uff0c$Ft=\\frac{m\\bar{v_{x}^2} t}{L}\\times N$\uff0c$F=\\frac{Nm\\bar{v_{x}^2}}{3L}$\uff0c$P=\\frac{F}{L^2}=\\frac{Nm\\bar{v_{x}^2}}{3V}$
\n$P=nRT=\\frac{N}{N_A}RT$\uff0c$\\frac{1}{2}m\\bar{v^2}=\\frac{3}{2}\\frac{R}{N_A}T=\\frac{3}{2}kT$
\n\u7406\u60f3\u6c14\u4f53\u5185\u80fd
\n$U=N\\times\\frac{1}{2}m\\bar{v^2}=\\frac{3}{2}nRT$
\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b49\u538b\u53d8\u5316\u6c14\u4f53\u505a\u529f<\/strong>\uff0c$W=P\\Delta V=nR\\Delta T$<\/p>\n

\u7535\u78c1
\n$k=\\frac{1}{4\\pi\\varepsilon}$\uff0c$N=\\frac{kQ}{r^2}\\times 4\\pi r^2=4\\pi kQ=\\frac{Q}{\\varepsilon}$
\n\u6cd5\u5219\uff08\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff09$\\varepsilon$\u8bf1\u96fb\u7387<\/strong>\u8bf1\u96fb\u4f53\u7684\u8bf1\u96fb\u7387
\n$\\frac{1}{2}mv^2+qU$=\u4e00\u5b9a\uff08\u7c7b\u6bd4\u91cd\u529b\u52bf\u80fd\u7684qV\uff09
\n

\"\"<\/center>
\n\uff08\u4e0a\u56fe\u548c\u5f88\u591a\u7f51\u56fe\u76f8\u6bd4\u90a3\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7cbe\u786e\u4e86\uff09
\n\u70b9\u7535\u8377\u7684\u7535\u52bf\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5761\u5ea6\u4e0b\u6ed1\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3002
\n\u7b49\u7535\u4f4d\u9762\uff08\u7b49\u52bf\u9762\uff09
\n
\"\"<\/center>
\n\uff08\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u586b\u5165\u5bfc\u4f53\u7684\u7b49\u6548\u53d8\u5f62\u5f88\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u7b80\u5316\uff09
\n
\"\"<\/center>
\n\u7535\u5bb9\u7684\u4e32\u5e76\u8054\u56fe\u548c\u7535\u963b\u7684\u7b49\u6548\u53d8\u6362\u4e00\u6837\uff08\u56fe\u5f88\u8d5e\uff09
\n\u7535\u5bb9\u50a8\u5b58\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u516c\u5f0f
\n\u5e73\u884c\u677f\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u677f\u95f4\u5438\u5f15\u529b
\n\u5047\u5b9a\u4e0a\u6781\u677f\u5411\u4e0a\u5e73\u79fb\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4ece\u7535\u5bb9\u5668\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8003\u8651$F\\Delta d=\\Delta U$
\n$\\Delta U=\\frac{Q^2}{2C’}-\\frac{Q^2}{2C}=\\frac{Q^2\\Delta d}{2Cd}$
\n\u7efc\u4e0a\uff0c$F=\\frac{Q^2}{2Cd}$
\n\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u5bfc\u7ebf\u4e2d\u6536\u5230\u62b5\u6297\u529bf=kv\uff0c\u7b49\u901f\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\uff0ckv=qE\uff0c$v=\\frac{qE}{k}=\\frac{qU}{kl}$\uff0c\u53c8\u7531$I=vnqS$\uff0c$I=qnS`$
\n\u900f\u78c1\u7387
\n$F=k_m\\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}$(m[Wb])
\n\u5b89\u57f9\u529bF=IBl
\n$Z=\\sqrt{R^2+(\\omega L+\\frac{1}{\\omega C})^2}$
\n
\"\"<\/center>
\n\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e00\u822c\u4e60\u60ef\u7528U-I\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528 $E=U+Ir$\u3001$E=U+2Ir$\u3001$E=2U+Ir$\uff09
\n\u78c1\u573a\u8bf1\u5bfc<\/strong>\uff08\u7535\u78c1\u611f\u5e94\uff09
\n\u8bf1\u5bfc\u8d77\u96fb\u529bU=vBl $U=-N\\frac{\\Delta\\Phi}{\\Delta t}$
\n\u7535\u6ce2\u3001\u8d64\u5916\u7ebf<\/strong>\u3001\u53ef\u89c6\u5149\u7ebf…
\n\u7279\u6b8a\u5bfc\u7ebf\u7684\u78c1\u573a<\/p>\n

\u539f\u5b50
\n\u5149\u7535\u6548\u679c\u3001\u9650\u754c\u632f\u52a8\u6570\uff08\u53f0\u9636\u7684\u56fe\u793a\u5f88\u5999\uff09
\n$\\frac{1}{2}mv_{max}^2=h\\nu-W$
\n\u5149\u5f3a\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5149\u5b50\u6570\u589e\u591a\uff08\u540c\u4e00\u9891\u7387\uff09
\n\uff08\u5149\u5b50\u6253\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u5e73\u9762\u52a8\u91cf\u5b88\u6052\u7684\u6b63\u4ea4\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6c42\u89e3\u6ce2\u957f\u53d8\u5316\u91cf\uff0c\u8d5e\uff09
\n\u5149\u5b50\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u78b0\u649e\uff1a
\n$\\frac{h}{\\lambda}=\\frac{h}{\\lambda’}cos\\theta+mv cos\\phi$
\n$0=\\frac{h}{\\lambda’}sin\\theta-mv sin\\phi$
\n

\"\"<\/center><\/p>\n

$h\\frac{c}{\\lambda}=h\\frac{c}{\\lambda’}+\\frac{1}{2}mv^2$
\n\uff08\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5316\u7b80\u548c\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff09$\\lambda’-\\lambda=\\frac{h}{mc}(1-cos\\theta)$<\/p>\n

\uff08$2dsin\\theta=n\\lambda$\u5e72\u6d89\u6761\u4ef6\uff09
\n\uff08\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u6ce2\u5c14\u6a21\u578b$2\\pi r=n\\frac{h}{mv}$\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u534a\u5f84\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0e$n^2$\u53cd\u6bd4\uff09\uff08\u91cc\u5fb7\u5e38\u6570\u63a8\u5bfc\uff09
\n$\\frac{mv^2}{r}=\\frac{ke^2}{r^2}$\uff0c$2\\pi r=n\\frac{h}{mv}$\uff0c$r_n=\\frac{h^2}{4\\pi^2kme^2}\\cdot n^2$
\n$U=-\\frac{ke^2}{r}$\uff0c$E=-\\frac{ke^2}{2r}$\uff0c$E_n=-\\frac{2\\pi^2k^2me^4}{h^2}\\cdot \\frac{1}{n^2}$<\/p>\n

\uff081u12gC12\uff09$1u=\\frac{12\\times10^{-3}}{N_A}\\times \\frac{1}{12}=\\frac{1}{10^3N_A}kg$
\n\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5d29\u58de<\/strong>\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u756a\u53f7<\/strong>
\n\u967d\u5b50<\/strong>\uff08\u8d28\u5b50\uff09\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u967d\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u4e2d\u6027\u5b50\uff08\u4e2d\u5b50\uff09$E=mc^2$\u3001$\\Delta E=\\Delta mc^2$
\n\uff08\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4fdd\u5b58\u5219<\/strong>\uff09
\n\u8d28\u91cf\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u9884\u91d1+\u73b0\u91d1=\u4e00\u5b9a<\/strong>
\n

\"\"<\/center>
\n\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u3001\u6838\u878d\u5408<\/strong>\u3001\u03b3\u5d29\u58ca<\/strong>\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u6b20\u635f
\n\u57fa\u5e95\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u52b1\u8d77\u72b6\u6001
\n\uff08\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9\u4e8e\u03b1\u3001\u03b2\u548c\u03b3\u5728\u78c1\u573a\u548c\u7535\u573a\u4e2d\u504f\u8f6c\u7684\u56fe\u793a\u4e0d\u591f\u51c6\u786e\u3002\uff09\uff08\u03b2\u504f\u8f6c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\uff09
\n\u5408\u6210\u516c\u5f0f\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u89d2\uff09$asin\\theta+bcos\\theta=\\sqrt{a^2+b^2}sin(\\theta+\\phi)$
\n\u4e8c\u6b21\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5316\u7b80\u633a\u597d
\n$ax^2+2b’x+c=0$\uff0c\u89e3\u4e3a$x=\\frac{-b’\\pm\\sqrt{b’^2-ac}}{a}$
\n\u4e09\u89d2\u51fd\u6570\u516c\u5f0f
\n
\"\"<\/center><\/p>\n

\u5e74\u7ec8\u56de\u987e<\/del>
\n\u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8981\u66f4\u719f\u7ec3\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u98ce\u7684\u963b\u529b\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\n$\\frac{1}{2}mv^2+qU$=\u4e00\u5b9a\uff08\u7c7b\u6bd4\u91cd\u529b\u52bf\u80fd\u7684qU\uff09<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u793a\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u89d2\u516c\u5f0f\u7528\u7684\u5f88\u5de7\u5999\uff0c\u4f1a\u7528\u5c31\u597d\u3002
\n\u5c0f\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5e94\u8be5\u52a0\u5165\u3002
\n$sin\\theta\\approx\\theta$
\n$cos\\theta\\approx 1-\\frac{1}{2}\\theta^2$<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u70ed T[K]=273+t[\u2103] \uff08\u901a\u8fc7PV=nRT\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u6c14\u4f53\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff09 \u6c14\u4f53\u538b\u5f3a\u5fae\u89c2\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u53f0\u6e7e\u6709\u7684 … \u9605\u8bfb\u66f4\u591a<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[454,247,263],"class_list":["post-31503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-physics","tag-jp","tag-physics","tag-teach"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qiusir.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qiusir.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qiusir.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiusir.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiusir.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=31503"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiusir.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43854,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiusir.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31503\/revisions\/43854"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qiusir.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=31503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiusir.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=31503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qiusir.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=31503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}